Owl Sample Essay And College Admission

<h1>Owl Sample Essay And College Admission</h1><p>If you are searching for data about Owl Sample Essay and school affirmation, at that point you have gone to the perfect spot. I am certain that the presentation of this article has made numerous individuals to lose enthusiasm for advanced education and work at their employments. The explanation is that it is somewhat hard to give all your idea on paper and that too during the assessment time.</p><p></p><p>There are numerous reasons which have driven the school to drop down the prominence of this sort of exposition for the others. To begin with, it is difficult to gain proficiency with the guidelines of the round of composing a paper in English. It is difficult to peruse the upsides and downsides of each theme, to get an away from of the subject, to get the tone of the paper and to get all the focuses across.</p><p></p><p>The second explanation which has driven the schoo ls to drop down the ubiquity of Owl Sample Essay is that a considerable lot of the understudies will in general utilize the articles in their schoolwork assignments. They will in general imagine that they have a few outcomes and along these lines keep on packing the materials which have been assigned to them. That is the reason the enthusiasm for composing papers is low as you need to finish such a significant number of papers in a solitary day.</p><p></p><p>The third explanation is that the schools have would exclude Owl Sample Essay in the course schedule. It is on the grounds that they feel that the schedule should be changed by the present needs of the understudies. Additionally, a significant number of the understudies don't approach the necessary web offices and regardless of whether they have it, they don't have legitimate instruments to alter their essays.</p><p></p><p>As an outcome, the understudies keep on composing the expos itions without trying to follow any technique and they neglect to get the ideal outcomes. So as to battle this circumstance, numerous associations have begun offering grants to understudies who study English and Owl Sample Essay and are happy to compose an arrangement to win a grant. One can find the opportunity to win grant cash by winning the competitions.</p><p></p><p>The Owl Sample Essay is one of the most well known decisions, which the understudies use to browse among the numerous papers. This article is favored by numerous understudies for a few reasons. To begin with, it is fascinating and engaging and since it's anything but an understudy's conventional content, the articles are more colourful.</p><p></p><p>The best thing about this exposition is that it tends to be utilized to win a grant, if the understudies prevail with regards to doing it. You will be amazed to realize that a portion of the article authors have won grants for similar expositions. Another extraordinary part of the Owl Sample Essay is that it is written in a style which is proper for secondary school and can be submitted in any event, when you are in college.</p>

Bar Exam Essay Examples - Will They Help Me?

<h1>Bar Exam Essay Examples - Will They Help Me?</h1><p>Anyone who is going to take a composing test on their odds for being employed by a law office or a major partnership needs to investigate the Bar Exam Essay tests accessible. On the off chance that you're only a normal understudy, at that point it may be a troublesome undertaking to see the entirety of the subtleties that are introduced to you in these examples, yet as long as you probably are aware how to decode them appropriately, you'll locate the correct tips and direction to make the test procedure a smidgen easier.</p><p></p><p>The Bar Exam Essay tests are a significant apparatus while getting ready for the primary test. You can utilize them as a manual for assist you with seeing precisely what's normal from you ought to likewise have the option to set yourself up for everything that will be set before you.</p><p></p><p>This test is one of the hardest in Ame rica. So as to pass, you need to show information on law and different lawful issues. These examples will assist you with understanding this in detail and set you up for everything that is to come in writing.</p><p></p><p>A part of individuals like to abstain from stepping through this kind of examination feeling that they will do ineffectively on it and that they won't be effective. In any case, you should realize that the Essay test tests that are accessible today are substantially more progressed than the ones you needed to use in past years. When composing for the Bar Exam, you need to demonstrate explicit thoughtfulness regarding subtleties that will assist you with responding to the inquiries and set you up for the test addresses that are presented to you.</p><p></p><p>Remember that the Bar Exam Essay tests must be utilized as a guide and not as a total outline for composing. On the off chance that you share certain characteristi cs for all intents and purpose with the example article points, this will assist you with planning yourself and will lessen the measure of time you have to spend on your paper. There are additionally four exposition points that are utilized frequently and they are based on every part of the exams.</p><p></p><p>While the Bar Exam Essay tests can assist you with composing an incredible and cognizant paper, you ought to be set up with the language and spelling, yet you despite everything must have the option to use them effectively so as to pass. Composing is certainly a workmanship and with all the a wide range of composing instruments accessible today, you can decide to utilize either, contingent upon what suits your necessities best.</p><p></p><p>Essay tests are viewed as supportive recorded as a hard copy the Bar Exam Essay in the event that you have just contemplated the subject and taken in the correct manner to apply it. By doing t his, you can guarantee that your first grade is fitting and that you will have the option to respond to each address effectively. It's critical to understand that there are various renditions of the English form of the Bar Exam Essay that you will be approached to compose so it is profoundly proposed that you read the directions cautiously and comprehend what the standard prerequisites are so as to be effective.</p><p></p><p>Because article tests are utilized to control you during the genuine creative cycle, it's ideal to utilize them in a collective exertion with your companions or any other individual you need to work with to compose your own Bar Exam Essay. There are numerous assets accessible online to help you and assist you with composing an extraordinary article, so simply don't be reluctant to utilize your common composing aptitudes and utilize your secondary school Essay tests as a beginning point.</p>

What to Write in Why This College Essay

What to Write in Why This College EssayIf you are going to take the time to write a college essay for your future in college, you may as well get into all the details. Whether it is a thesis paper or your introductory essay, it is important to know what to write in why this college essay.There are a lot of good reasons to study for a topic. Maybe you are going to take an introductory class in some subject you really enjoy. If so, then you will want to know what to write in why this college essay.One of the most important reasons to know what to write in why this college essay is so that you know what to say when you are giving a speech or presenting your research. If you do not know what to say in this area, then you are going to give your lecture on a subject that is not very well-known. It is important to get into the details of what is being discussed in order to be a little more personal in your delivery.Researching a tough subject can be quite intimidating. If you are a first ye ar student, then you may not be prepared to take on this project. However, it is a good idea to go into more detail about why this college essay is being written and why it needs to be done.Another reason to know what to write in why this college essay is so that you can be sure that you have given every piece of information related to your student's past, present, and future. Remember, you are writing a final official report that will be used by your professors in the beginning of their career.Remember, you do not want to give a lecture on this topic if you do not have all the facts. Therefore, you need to make sure that you have all the facts about the subject. Then, you need to be able to write in a very logical manner about your student's life so that you do not spend all of your time on getting something wrong.Last, but not least, it is a good idea to know what to write in why this college essay if you are going to write for other courses in college. If you are going to take a writing course in college, then you may want to make sure that you know what to write in why this college essay. This way, you do not have to worry about how to explain your previous writing assignments to other professors.In summary, you have many reasons to know what to write in why this college essay. However, it is important to make sure that you know what to write in this area before you take on the writing course.

Why The Middle School Argumentative Essay Topics Is Important

<h1>Why The Middle School Argumentative Essay Topics Is Important</h1><p>One of the top center school pugnacious exposition subjects is the encounters of the different media. The media are by all account not the only mode of narrating, however they assume a significant job in instructing kids. How can it feel to turn into an expert and what do you do to stay applicable in the industry?</p><p></p><p>To be an expert is extraordinary on the grounds that you get the chance to meet others who have comparable contemplations, thoughts, and interests as you. These associations with individuals that share a similar intrigue and point of view keep you educated about the recent developments and the thoughts that drive individuals into the universe of business related things. This would end up being a decent ground for developing your system of contacts to the level where you would then be able to turn into a specialist on the topic.</p><p>&l t;/p><p>The Internet and the innovation that are there has made a great deal of changes in how organizations are run. A great deal of this has to do with the opposition that is coming up and these progressions are constraining individuals to seek the best arrangements. While there is a ton of rivalry on the Internet, the web has likewise prompted new open doors for everybody. Innovation can be utilized to make the business progressively pertinent to individuals that are associated with it.</p><p></p><p>Some of the top center school pugnacious article themes that are coming up incorporate music, move, computer games, and TV. Understudies who love these are required to compose a paper on their advantage and why they appreciate it. How can it feel to turn into an expert and what do you do to stay pertinent in the business? You may state that you would prefer not to put yourself out there yet you can put forth a defense for how having a profession can op en a great deal of doors.</p><p></p><p>The world is turning out to be progressively unique sort of spot, in light of the fact that the media are continually attempting to discover better approaches to engage and intrigue individuals. Many individuals currently understand that there is a requirement for amusement and composing can turn into a very satisfying encounter. For instance, you could expound on moving and how you appreciate it yet for what reason do you have to?</p><p></p><p>You can expound on how much fun you have been having before however by and by you will see that you are simply expounding on the comparative kinds of individuals and the assessments are originating from them. So before you state 'I am simply acting naturally,' you ought to be certain that you are composing from the heart and not the mouth.</p><p></p><p>Students need to get some answers concerning the most recent patterns and attempt to remain refreshed with what the general population is searching for. Composing is something that a great many people would prefer to do than talk or tune in to other people. Fundamentally, it is a significant piece of connecting with people in general and getting instructed in the field of studies.</p>

Determining The Relationship Between Extracurricular...

Determining relationship between Extracurricular Activities and Academic Performance using Computational Intelligence Tejaswini Koduri Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University tkoduri11@gsu.student.edu Abstract- Elementary school is the medium for the students to step into the professional field.The knowledge can achieved from curriculum by following it.But the hands on experience on the subject can be gained only through the extracurricular activities. So, students should take some responsibility to participate in extracurricular activities. The advantages of extracurricular activities are students can get more personal experience by involving in these activities and gain more knowledge when compared to the knowledge obtained from theoretical concepts or curriculum. The student who involves in extracurricular activities can easily survive in the professional world while the student who only dependant on curriculum face some difficulties like unable to make a right decision at right time, communication with peers and also face difficulty in implementation of concepts . In this paper we collect bot h the data from the students who involved in extracurricular activities and the data collected from academic curriculum of students in a semester. This paper proposes that how extracurricular activities support the overall growth of student by using computational intelligence. I like the idea of determining relationship using mamdani model. I would like toShow MoreRelated_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesstorage and retrieval systems, or in any other manner—without the written permission of the publisher. Thomson Higher Education 10 Davis Drive Belmont, CA 94002-3098 USA For more information about our products, contact us at: Thomson Learning Academic Resource Center 1-800-423-0563 For permission to use material from this text or product, submit a request online at http://www.thomsonrights.com. Any additional questions about permissions can be submitted by e-mail to thomsonrights@thomson.com.

Chicago Essay Writer - Writing Essays

<h1>Chicago Essay Writer - Writing Essays</h1><p>A Chicago exposition author can assist understudies with composing admirably in an article group. They work with understudies to investigate the article that they are composing, assist them with arranging it, and even get them to consider approaches to improve the exposition. They realize the procedure and how to set up the principles for the exposition so they realize how to guarantee that the article is composed properly.</p><p></p><p>They realize how to make a decent understudy resemble an extraordinary one. They realize how to ensure that the composing has a stream to it, and that everything bodes well when you are perusing the exposition. They realize this is the thing that the understudy needs, and that they must be set up to experience all the principles of language structure and style that the understudy might be looking for.</p><p></p><p>For understudies who are searching for help with their expositions, a Chicago paper author can assist them with getting ready for it and make it come out as an artful culmination of data. They realize what works, and what doesn't. They realize how to function with the understudies to assist them with making the most ideal essay.</p><p></p><p>If you need to find support with composing a class paper or a little class size that is on the lower side, a Chicago exposition author is the best approach. They have the information that is expected to put forth the most ideal attempt, and they will assist you with getting the best item out of your composing aptitudes. For the individuals who are searching for composing help, a Chicago paper essayist will have the option to give that.</p><p></p><p>If you are going to class in a little class size, you have to ensure that you are working with a gathering of individuals who are eager to work with you. It will make it simple r for you to have the option to deliver a quality work of composing. A Chicago article author realizes how to assist understudies with composing and working with others in a homeroom setting.</p><p></p><p>A Chicago exposition essayist can help with any sort of composing, regardless of whether it is an examination paper or a sonnet, or some other sort of undertaking that you are searching for help with. They realize the designing principles, the essential standards of language structure, and they realize how to arrange things so they don't appear to be excessively moderate or too difficult to even think about reading. They can even assistance with the sort of composing that they would prefer not to have done, on the grounds that they realize that understudies are not permitted to utilize portions of the expositions that were initially part of the task, and they don't need them to look bad.</p><p></p><p>A Chicago article essayist has enc ountered journalists who can help with any sort of circumstance. Understudies who need assistance with composing an exposition have unexpected needs in comparison to different understudies who are searching for help in their articles. They realize that they ought not feel like they are cheating, and they realize that they don't need their task to look unprofessional.</p><p></p><p>If you are experiencing difficulty with your article, and you are searching for help, a Chicago paper essayist can assist you with your composition. They realize how to structure the article, and they realize how to make it look proficient. They additionally realize how to get the data that is required, and they realize how to ensure that you don't need to re-compose the whole paper. They can even assistance you in the event that you are searching for help in moving beyond a portion of the guidelines that are a piece of a school setting.</p>

College Composition Essay Topics

<h1>College Composition Essay Topics</h1><p>Most schools and colleges offer an alternate arrangement article for their first year understudies, so you can hope to discover two principle creation subject sorts: topical and informal. Each kind of exposition is in some cases utilized and at times found related to the other.</p><p></p><p>The motivation behind an everyday organization paper is to introduce a particular and sincere belief that can be communicated in a section or two, utilizing individual tales, enlightening language, and the utilization of explicit words and expressions. The essential focal point of the exposition is on close to home understanding and what is explicitly exceptional about you. The principle goal of the subject is to draw out a conclusion on a particular topic.</p><p></p><p>In most cases, these themes are from somebody's life that is close to home and explicit to the understudy composing the c reation. This is the best method to compose a point that isn't dubious. For instance, on the off chance that you have accomplished humanitarian effort in Africa, record three things you found out about the individuals you experienced in Africa. Recounting to a story in an article is a lot simpler when the story has a start, center, and end.</p><p></p><p>Topics of a topical creation subject won't really be from an individual encounter, however they ought to be identified with a class, understanding, or something in the school that is known. The general rules for paper themes in this classification remember the utilization of general references to something for the class or school. The emphasis is on giving data in a compact, pertinent way.</p><p></p><p>In conversational organizations, the significance of the subject is similarly as significant as the precision of the realities. By having a particular explanation behind composing the pap er, you will have the option to all the more likely sort out your considerations and give perusers a superior thought of why you are composing it. Also, if the subject is identified with something they definitely know, it makes it simpler to recollect the rudiments of the topic.</p><p></p><p>When composing a topical subject, you are bound to be increasingly inventive with your composed style. Utilizing slang and casual language, you can utilize a more extensive scope of jargon to impart your considerations to your crowd. Composing from your very own encounters can likewise support a great deal. In any case, it's anything but a smart thought to take others' encounters truly in light of the fact that it might seem to be a bore.</p><p></p><p>It is in every case best to compose a paper that you will really peruse and comprehend. You will find that on the off chance that you feel that there is anything confounding or indistinct, at that poi nt it is smarter to forget about it. Attempt to fuse the data you detracted from your adding something extra to your paper.</p><p></p><p>If you decide to compose a point that is fairly increasingly hard to comprehend, it will be alright. It is dependent upon you to ensure that you structure your composing appropriately to be reasonable by all degrees of understudies. All things considered, it is a composing task. Focus on creating an unmistakable and succinct point that permits you to show your capacity to think outside about the box.</p>

How To Write An Essay With A Bad Term Paper Presentation

How To Write An Essay With A Bad Term Paper PresentationOne of the things I've noticed in my experience as a teacher, is that students are under a lot of pressure to do well at term paper presentations. This includes writing an essay on a wide variety of topics, and having it reviewed by several other teachers. Sometimes the pressure becomes so great that the student can't even make it through their term paper!What happens is that there is a lot of tension involved in a term paper presentation, as there is with most essays. This can result in the student actually losing focus, as there is a lot going on all at once. Because of this, the ability to focus and remember information can be greatly reduced. In addition, students tend to over analyze the topic at hand, so they can come up with ideas that may not have anything to do with the topic that was presented.One of the most important things to remember is that while you can't make the essay for yourself, you can make sure that the to pic of the essay you write is relevant to the topic of the entire term paper. By doing this, it will be easier for you to write about the topic. Also, by making sure that your essay does indeed relate to the topic that you are writing about, it will make the essay much easier to write.If you do your research correctly and start writing your term paper, you should be able to come up with a topic that is well researched and relevant to the topic of the entire term paper. One of the best ways to do this is to go through the course syllabus for the class and look at the course that you are going to be writing the paper on. You can then go over the list of topics and see if there is a subject that is specific to the class.While it is impossible to write about every single topic that is presented, you should be able to get a general idea of what type of information is being discussed in that class. It may be a good idea to do a keyword search to find out what the most common keywords are for the topic of the term paper. You can then go through and look for those keywords in the various websites that are related to the topic, and attempt to incorporate them into your essay.Once you have found out what the most common type of topic that is being discussed in the class, then you can start coming up with ideas for your essay. It is often a good idea to choose topics that pertain to the topic that is being covered in the course, as this will make it much easier to write about. While a lot of people think that you have to be all or nothing, this isn't always the case.You can choose a specific topic and then approach the topic in a different way. For example, if the course was about changing behavior in children, you could write about the influence of various types of media on children, or the effects of music on children. There are many different ways that you can approach the topic.If you feel that your term paper presentation is not up to par, don't worry too much. The topic of the term paper you are working on is important, and if you take some time to ensure that you have prepared well, then it will be much easier for you to write the essay. And, of course, a good essay means that you will have the opportunity to get a better grade.

Sample Short Story Analysis Essay

Sample Short Story Analysis EssayOne of the most common ways for students to improve their writing is by taking a sample short story analysis essay. The idea behind this type of essay is to get a student's attention in the first paragraph of the essay and then make them want to know more about what the writer has to say. Some students are able to go into the essay thinking that they are getting something that they are not, and then it gets better the more the student thinks about the essay.There are many benefits that can be derived from taking a short story analysis essay, the most obvious being to get a student to think about the essay from a different angle. Often, students are able to read a couple of paragraphs and find themselves completely lost without having anything to guide them. By providing a clear beginning and ending, and a simple opening, this type of essay will allow students to quickly follow the author's direction and start learning about the topic.The student who i s taking a short story analysis essay should also make sure that the essay does not come across as an attempt to sell them on something. Many writers assume that if they can't sell a student on an idea, then they should never try to write it. While that may be true, a good story is often one that needs to be sold to someone, or if possible, one that needs to be convinced.Once a student has an idea for a story, and they know what the main theme of the piece is, they can begin to take some questions from the reader. This allows them to tell a story from the point of view of someone who already knows all of the answers to the questions the writer has. By doing this, they allow the author to provide a clearer explanation of a concept, and can generally tell if the essay is working or if the reader needs more information.Using a short story analysis essay is beneficial because it allows a student to be able to see a section of a story in a different way. Instead of just reading about wha t happened, or what happens next, they can ask questions about what is happening in the story. This makes it much easier for the student to ask good questions and learn about the story without really trying to understand every single detail.The one drawback to a short story analysis essay is that the student may want to know about all of the supporting facts, but they may not always know how to phrase the question in a way that allows them to easily answer it. The author will then need to find a way to provide a question that will also allow the student to find the answer in the essay. For example, instead of asking 'What are the key facts about the subject matter?'The short story analysis essay is very useful when a student has a clear idea of what they are looking for but don't know where to start. It is helpful to provide examples of other essays in order to get the student to look at the essay from a different perspective. By the end of the essay, the student should be able to b egin to see what they are missing and be ready to move on to the next step.A short story analysis essay is a great way to use writing for academic purposes. It is easy to do, and students can usually ask more specific questions than the ones found in the general composition sample. By using a short story analysis essay, the student can focus more on the topic, rather than on what they might be looking for in an essay.

One of the Most Disregarded Solutions for Animal Essay Topics

<h1> One of the Most Disregarded Solutions for Animal Essay Topics </h1> <h2> Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Animal Essay Topics Is Wrong</h2> <p>The meat of a bull isn't as acceptable implying that it's dry, intense, and dull, and as an outcome, it won't be speaking to the customers. To sum up, despite the fact that it is basic to emasculate meat cows as an approach to support the quality of hamburger creation, there's likewise an expanding need to leave bulls with particular attributes for rearing. End A creature invests energy acting productively to avoid enduring and procure delight in a legitimate environment. Utilizing creatures for examine is something which has been a test over late years. </p> <h2>The Key to Successful Animal Essay Topics </h2> <p>You wish to settle on something which is disputable since you can't generally contend to discredit realities. There is one more thing which can be taking everything into account. It's best in the occasion you pick a subject where you get a certified enthusiasm for as you'll be doing huge amounts of research on it and if it's something which you enjoy the technique will be essentially simpler and increasingly charming. The absolute first point to shoulder as a main priority is to settle on a theme that you're particularly educated about and have a decent arrangement important to run a careful research over it. </p> <h2> What You Should Do to Find Out About Animal Essay Topics Before You're Left Behind </h2> <p>Writing an influential article about creatures might be troublesome on the off chance that you aren't given a rundown of themes to mull over. Clearly, it's the subjects you may have a little chuckle about! There are numerous such points that you will be mentioned to expound on today. There are a few incredible theme that you're ready to expound on with respect to sports. </p> <h2> The Basics of Animal Es say Topics </h2> <p>Sure, with this sort of a huge number of points to choose from, picking only one might be testing. On the off chance that you realize the best spot to look, at that point it is conceivable to locate a decent arrangement of subjects to acquire a choice from. Some of the subjects additionally fall into different classifications and we've suggested the themes as conversation starters with the goal that they are handily adjusted into explanations to accommodate your own perspective. Contradictive Your subject should mix various assessments among the overall population. </p> <h2> What Everybody Dislikes About Animal Essay Topics and Why </h2> <p>When picking a theme, you would initially settle on a general point and limited it down to make a proposal following your primer research. You should do some solid concentrating to back up your contention. Research It is a keen plan to play out an investigation of the given point before it i s conceivable to make your own. The significant thought is to find an investigation region which will be intriguing that you delve into. </p> <p>Writers that create research projects are accessible both in the nearby district and on the web. Pertinent Topics that are identified with your general public will draw in the peruser in the best conceivable technique. A factious exposition is apparently among the most energizing assortments of articles to compose. Composing a sublime enticing exposition is a surprising way to deal with intrigue both your educator and companions. </p> <p>It's workable for you to incite your crowd to take part in a particular activity that is basic to manage the issue or issue talked about in your exposition. The postulation articulation likewise should be taking everything into account. All things considered, making sense of the perfect subject for your article isn't your lone worry for an understudy. It is conceivable, for example, show your learnedness. </p> <h2> The Most Popular Animal Essay Topics </h2> <p>List how the creatures can be used in the diversion showcase. It's practically difficult to make a creature species breed in a counterfeit climate. A homeless creature is basically a local creature which has been lost or surrendered. Numerous individuals settled on a choice to dissent to protect the guiltless creatures of Harrisburg. </p> <h2>Facts, Fiction and Animal Essay Topics </h2> <p>Normally, having three principle contentions to show your point is adequate for a persuading paper. Normally there's considerably more to the paper than just the opening yet an awesome exposition will have great opening. You will find a scope of factious exposition subjects yet picking the ideal one may be the essential and the absolute initial step to make a persuasive article. </p> <p>Quite just, endeavor to build up a circumstance you'll contend about in your powerful article. At decisively a similar time, it's an astonishing powerful exposition thought. The primary thing which you should do once you've picked your subject is to start by composing a framework. In rundown, the subject of basic entitlements incorporates a lot of various inquiries which you can endeavor to find answers to in your exploration paper. </p> <p>Life is obviously superior to it was 50 decades prior. It might be fascinating to examine the centrality of sports throughout understudy's life and manage some of the issues that undergrads face in school. Understudies should keep on keeping their versatile peacefully so as to not upset the class. They need to finish a great deal of composing assignments during school years. </p>

Typing Term Papers For Money - Tips For Getting One

Typing Term Papers For Money - Tips For Getting OneTo be honest, many of us have absolutely no idea what typing term papers for money is. Believe it or not, typing as a profession is a big business. That being said, typing jobs pay much better than other typing jobs and if you are able to pick up a decent paying typing job, you will make that extra income in addition to your other income sources.In today's world, there are more typing jobs than ever before. The shortage of people means companies need to outsource more. The same thing can be said for the demand for typists.Typing involves writing letters, memos, and reports in between typing your computer. This can be frustrating because you will not get your work done as quickly as you would like. You also may want to see more results than is often the case with most jobs and you have to be willing to put in more effort.Typing as a profession is big business. The need for typists is one of the factors responsible for this demand. The re are some things you need to know when it comes to being a good typist. These include:Be prompt. While typing your own document is an advantage, it does not hurt to show up on time, as opposed to being late. This will help your employer to assess whether or not you are a reliable employee.Speed your response time. If you are on a deadline to submit a form or document to an employer, speed is important. Always be prompt and be sure that you keep moving and not wasting your employer's time.Always use proper spacing and type according to the template. Try to learn the lettering style of your company. Remember, this is how they will read the documents you send them.You need to understand the basics of typing before you even think about applying for a typing job. A lot of knowledge can be gained by reading about typing as a profession. This includes knowing about typing term papers for money.

Tips For Writing College Board Essay Topics

Tips For Writing College Board Essay TopicsCollege board essay topics can be very challenging. If you are looking for some tips to get through the material, there are some steps you can take to make it easier. The first thing you will want to remember is that you are writing a topic that is going to be chosen by your college essay taker. While you may have an idea of the type of material that is going to be asked of you, it will not be the topics you are going to be asked about.The next thing to remember is that you will want to start thinking about the information that you have. That means that you need to decide what you can say about it. Make sure that you have some kind of idea of what you are going to be asked. If you are using the information for a composition class, you should probably have a good idea of what is going to be expected.As you are writing the essay, you will need to make sure that you are focusing on the topic. While some topics are going to be written from the p erspective of an observer, others will be written from the perspective of a participant. That is the difference between being an observer and participant. It is something that you should definitely be aware of.The last thing to remember about college board essay topics is that you are going to need to have an idea of the content. That means that you need to know what the topic is about. It is going to be written in a form that is going to be able to be understood by a college board reader. Most writers start with the purpose of the topic before they get started. That can make it a little more difficult at first.One of the best things you can do for yourself when you are looking for college board essay topics is to take some time to gather ideas for topics. That means that you should have a list of things that you would like to write about. From there, you can start doing some research and thinking about how you can help people with the topics you have.Some topics you can write about our personal experience, the history of the topic, or some area that pertains to the topic. The point is that you will want to have an idea of what you are going to be writing about. That is important because it can help you determine if a topic will be about something that you can write about.One of the best things that you can do for yourself when you are looking for college board essay topics is to research a topic that you are interested in. That will help you have a topic that you can write about.

Essay on Interracial Dating - 632 Words

Many interracial couples are faced with negative reactions from society, making it hard for them to have a regular relationship. They have to deal with disapproval from their own race, pessimistic reactions from family and friends, and not to mention the ignorance of society as a whole. Why is interracial dating so controversial? Is not racism a thing of the past, or is that what we would like to believe? People who date and socialize with people of different racial groups frequently experience negative reactions. Many of the disapproving messages come from people of their own racial group. They scoff and make fun of the idea that they are dating someone with a different tone of skin or ethnic background. According to a poll taken in†¦show more content†¦They need sanctions or permission from their parents to see if it is okay to date out of their race. The parent’s influential power causes them to be skeptical and doubtful about being involved in such relationship that they decide to end a perfect relationship in order to make them happy. Many people who date out of their race are likely to encounter tension and criticism from society as a whole. People tend to have a superficial understanding about interracial dating and forget about the true meaning of a relationship. What temerity is this, receiving constant stares and negative reactions, it is completely rude and ignorant of people. It is unequivocal that interracial dating is not easy. Is any relationship easy, interracial or not? But dating and marriage are not about pleasing others. It is about being with the person you love and want to spend the rest of your life with. Race is not an issue when love is concerned. What is important is the factors that make the relationship work, such as trust and love, not what is pleasing to others. Thus, why is society making it harder on them? How many interracial couples have been on the receiving end of many offensive stares when walking down the street? Why do people care? It is an issue of concern only to the couple. If one chooses to date a person of another race, why should society be bothered? It is an issue that needs to be dealt with by the individual people involved. Society is simplyShow MoreRelatedInterracial Dating And How Accepted It Is Nowadays961 Words   |  4 PagesInterracial Dating and How Accepted it is Nowadays Introduction: Interracial dating in the United States compared to previous history is more popular than ever before. It is more present because minorities are getting higher education, people are becoming more tolerant, there is more exposure to other cultures, there are no bans on interracial dating now, and young people are more self-expressive and believe more in individualism (Firmin Firebaugh, 2008). Though interracial dating is more acceptedRead MoreThe Changes in Society’s Views on Interracial Dating over Time1466 Words   |  6 Pagesone thing is clear, the issue on interracial relationships is still as controversial today as it was nearly fifty years ago. While times may have changed and society has gotten used to these interracial relationships, it’s still something that is being talked about regularly. Starting in the 1960’s, the issue on interracial relationships became more relevant. It sparked much controversy after a couple from Virginia was arrested for parti cipating in an interracial relationship. The case, Loving versusRead MoreEssay on Interracial Dating Explored in Save the Last Dance936 Words   |  4 PagesInterracial Dating Explored in Save the Last Dance The movie, Save the Last Dance, goes along with all of our discussions and conversations about the visual difference between the black and white cultures and the stereotyping that Hollywood does of the two cultures. The movie shows the difference in the two cultures, according to Hollywood.you have your typical white middle-class suburban girl (Sarah) and your typical low-class black boy (Derrick). Save the Last Dance is a love story aboutRead More Interracial and Cross Cultural Dating of Generation Y Essay2711 Words   |  11 PagesInterracial and Cross Cultural Dating of Generation Y Interracial romance has been an issue in the United States since the first English settlers established colonies during the seventeenth century. Over the years, views toward interracial relationships in America have changed greatly. The interracial dating trend among today’s teenagers is increasing at a steady rate (Grapes 49). However, there are still many biases facing Gen-Y youth who choose to date someone of another race. A look atRead MoreMy Personal Statement On Interracial Dating And The World Essay2403 Words   |  10 Pagesthe age of three, my mother remarried a white man and my siblings and I were now being raised in an interracial household. This change in my upbringing and surroundings left such a profound effect on my identity that I was no longer being raised in a traditional home environment. Also, the significance of being raised by someone of a different race impacted how I viewed myself, interracial dating and the world. Not understanding the reasoning behind my father’s absence, I grew to identify anotherRead MoreMy Personal Statement On Interracial Dating And The World Essay2439 Words   |  10 PagesAt the age of three my mother remarried a white man and my siblings and I were now being raised in an interracial household. This change in my upbringing and surroundings had a profound effect on my identity because I was no longer being raised in a traditional home environment. Also, the significance of being raised by someone of a different race impacted how I viewed myself, interracial dating and the world. Not understanding the reasoning behind my father’s absence, I grew to identify anotherRead MoreInterracial Marriage Should Be Legal1365 Words   |  6 PagesInterracial marriages are still considered taboo in many countries in the world and even in the United States. While the opportunity to marry whoever one desires is a reality in America, it is not always common and sometime frowned upon in our communities. Much progress has been made as a country to allow interracial marriages to be successful, but the American population has had difficulty accepting the legal development that has taken place in our nation. Interracial Marriage has been fought throughoutRead MoreThe Impact Of Modern Day College Students And Working Members Of Society1321 Words   |  6 Pages Living in the United States means living with diversity. A historically controversial topic that comes with diversity is interracial couples. Having only been made legal in 1967 by the United States Supreme Court r uling in the Loving v. Commonwealth of Virginia, there are still prominent parts of society that took down upon mixed raced couples. (Loving v. Virginia, 388 U.S. 1967) This research paper is designed to show data collected from ___ interviews from participants of a variety of ages andRead MoreTraditional Belief Of Interracial Marriage1674 Words   |  7 PagesIn contrast, popular culture theorizes that interracial marriages are motivated not by a desire to leave behind one’s heritage, but by love between two people who happen to be of different races. In this paper, I seek to analyze and compare these two perspectives, proposing a theory that combines the two by accounting for a person’s upbringing and beliefs when deciding what their motivation may be. I first analyze the traditional belief of interracial marriage in comparison to the popular cultureRead MoreCauses of Friction in Interracial Marriages Essay1425 Words   |  6 PagesCauses of Friction in Interracial Marriages The United States has witnessed a considerable amount of social and cultural desegregation between African-Americans and Caucasians. However, despite years of desegregation, social and cultural differences still exist. One of these differences that still exists is in the institution of marriage. Americans have been and are continually moving slowly away from segregation. In the past forty years, a multitude of changes have transformed schools, jobs,

Case study china milk scandal free essay sample

Vivien K. G. Lim, Rashimah Rajah and Smrithi Prasad wrote this case solely to provide material for class discussion. The authors do not intend to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of a managerial situation. The authors may have disguised certain names and other identifying information to protect confidentiality. Richard Ivey School of Business Foundation prohibits any form of reproduction, storage or transmission without its written permission. Reproduction of this material is not covered under authorization by any reproduction rights organization. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, contact Ivey Publishing, Richard Ivey School of Business Foundation, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7; phone (519) 661-3208; fax (519) 661-3882; e-mail [emailprotected] uwo. ca. Copyright  © 2012, National University of Singapore and Richard Ivey School of Business Foundation Version: 2012-11-14 In 2007, Sanlu, a Chinese milk manufacturing company based in Shijiazhuang, was recognized as a formidable force by its competitors as it had topped the list of local dairy producers for more than a decade. It was also the second biggest dairy producer in the world. Sanlu was the number one bestselling milk brand in China, responsible for 18. 3 per cent of total national dairy sales in 2007. 2 A year later, however, a scandal unfolded that brought not only Sanlu but other dairy manufacturers in China unwanted international attention. More than 290,000 infants were affected by this scandal, which involved deliberate tainting of milk powder. What motivated one of the most well trusted brands in China to engage in business practices that led to the deaths of innocent infants? China involving milk products brought regional and global attention to the country. At a time when international trade was important for the country’s economic progress, the milk incident raised concerns about the safety of food products made in China and the ethics of business practices in Chinese companies. China’s dairy market had expanded to keep pace with the country’s rapid economic development. Besides importing close to 300,000 tonnes of dairy products from Japan, New Zealand and other countries to satisfy the demand of high- and middle-income consumers, many local dairy producers had been established and expanded to meet the demand of the lower income group, which constituted the bulk of Chinese consumers. Sanlu was one example. Priced at RMB85 (about US$13) per tin (900 grams) — almost half that of imported milk powders — Sanlu’s products were very popular among consumers in China’s rural areas. 1 This case has been written on the basis of published sources only. Consequently, the interpretation and perspectives presented in this case are not necessarily those of Sanlu Group or any of its employees. 2 Chris Buckley, â€Å"Second Infant Death in China Milk Scandal,† Asia One, September 16, 2008, www. asiaone. com/Health/News/Story/A1Story20080916-88026. html, accessed December 22, 2010. Page 2 9B12C047 The low cost strategy allowed the company to be highly successful, and it was the market leader for more than 10 years. However, under the pressure of increasing price competition, coupled with the absence of quality control by both the government and the company, Sanlu engaged in cost-cutting by adding melamine — a chemical used in producing plastic — into diluted raw milk to inflate the protein content. This became a common practice in the dairy industry. 3 Adding unapproved or banned chemicals to spice up the â€Å"quality† of food products in China was not new. For example, washing powder was added to flour to make you tiao (Chinese fried bread stick) fluffier and last longer, acetic acid and mineral acid were added to vinegar to increase its fixed acid content and talc powder was added to wheat powder to give a smoother texture. Just five years before the 2008 milk incident, a company sold baby formula with little or no nutritional value, leading to the deaths of at least 12 infants and causing malnutrition in hundreds more. 4 INTERNATIONAL ATTENTION The 2008 Chinese milk scandal was one of the most prominent cases involving food safety that the World Health Organization (WHO) had to deal with in recent years. In December 2008, China reported the number of victims to be more than 290,000. 5 Among them, 51,900 were hospitalized, and four cases were fatal. In addition, 8,311. 7 tonnes of unqualified milk products were withdrawn from the market as of October 31 that year. 6 Although the incident drew international attention, the effect was predominantly confined to China with limited cases in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau. On July 16, 2008, the Gansu local government officially reported to the Ministry of Health that 16 infants in the province were diagnosed with kidney stones after consuming milk powder produced by the Sanlu Group. 7 After the initial focus on Sanlu, investigation by the Chinese government revealed that the problem existed to a lesser degree in products from 21 other Chinese companies, including well-known companies such as Monmilk, Yili and Yashili. Some of these had exported their products overseas. This issue raised concerns about food safety and political corruption in China. There was speculation that the Chinese government maintained silence about the incident during the Beijing Olympics to maintain a positive image. This silence led to delay in follow-up actions, which could have averted serious health consequences. According to WHO, the crisis led to a significant decline in consumers’ confidence in China’s food products. WHO spokesperson and food safety scientist, Peter Ben Embarek, attributed the cause of the event to inadequate measures and lack of control among agencies responsible for monitoring food safety in the private sector. These agencies were often not well-staffed and lacked resources and equipment. As a result, they could not keep up with the rapid pace of food, agricultural and industrial production in China over the past few decades. He concluded by referring to the large scale of the incident as being 3 Dunce Lawrence, â€Å"China Says Sanlu Milk Likely Contaminated by Melamine,† (Update 1), Bloomberg, September 12, 2008, www. bloomberg. com/apps/news? pid=newsarchivesid=at6LcKJB6YA8refer=asia, accessed December 22, 2010. 4 â€Å"47 Detained for Selling Baby-Killer Milk,† China Daily, May 10, 2004, www. Chinadaily. com. cn/english/doc/200405/10/content_329449. htm, accessed December 22, 2010. 5 â€Å"Timeline: Sanlu Milk Powder Scandal,† Television New Zealand Limited, December 24, 2008, www. tvnz. co. nz/businessnews/timeline-sanlu-milk-powder-scandal-2429256, accessed December 22, 2010 6 â€Å"8,300 Tons of Tainted Milk Products Withdrawn,† Xinhua News Agency, October 31, 2008, www. china. org. cn/china/national/2008-10/31/content_16693286. htm, accessed December 29, 2010. 7 â€Å"China Seizes 22 Companies with Contaminated Baby Milk Powder,† Xinhua News Agency, September 16, 2008, www. news. xinhuanet. com/english/2008-09/17/content_10046949. htm, accessed December 22, 2010. Page 3 9B12C047 â€Å"clearly not an isolated accident. It was a large-scale intentional activity to deceive consumers for simple, basic, short-term profits,†8 For a timeline of events in the milk scandal, see Exhibit 1. PARTIES INVOLVED The magnitude of this scandal implicated several organizations — the Chinese government, Chinese manufacturers and the Chinese media. In the following sections, the role of the private company, Sanlu, and the other parties involved in shaping the course of events will be discussed. The Role of the Company: Sanlu Group Lack of corporate governance, transparency and social corporate responsibility were the main issues underlying the milk scandal. Instead of working towards producing good quality and safe products, Sanlu ignored early warnings and did not take steps to highlight the situation to consumers. Since late 2007, the company had been receiving complaints from consumers regarding changes in the colour of urine as well as crystals in the urine of babies who had consumed Sanlu’s milk powder. 9 However, the company took little action to improve its product. Instead, it engaged in the practice of â€Å"private settlement† to appease consumers who publicly questioned the quality of its products. 10 After receiving confirmation that its product was tainted with melamine and that the chemical was â€Å"deliberately added by man† in August 2008, the Sanlu Group engaged in a series of actions to conceal the incident from the public. One face-saving initiative involved collaborating with China’s biggest search engine, Baidu. com, by signing an advertising agreement of RMB3 million (US$474,000) on the condition that negative news related to the company was removed. The Role of the Government The Chinese government played a critical role in the development and proliferation of the incident. By providing Sanlu with the national inspection exemption label, not taking immediate action to address a potential national epidemic and silencing the media, the Chinese government was directly as well as indirectly implicated in the milk incident. The inspection exemption label was a form of special reward designed by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ). This label was awarded to Chinese companies with a reputation for quality products, big market shares and strict safety controls so that they did not have to undergo certain quality inspections. As a result of the absence of state inspection, quality control was left to the manufacturers’ discretion, which provided opportunities for companies to engage in questionable cost-cutting measures. There were early warnings related to the milk scandal posted by the public,12 professionals13 and the media,14 even before the case was formally exposed in March 2008. However, the government did not take these warnings seriously. 8 Lisa Schlein, â€Å"China’s Melamine Milk Crisis Creates Crisis of Confidence,† Voice of America, September 26, 2008, www. voanews. com/english/news/a-13-2008-09-26-voa45. html, accessed December 29, 2010. 9 Zhu Zhe and Cui Xiaohuo, â€Å"Sanlu Ex-boss Was Aware of Tainted Milk,† China Daily, January 1, 2009, www. chinadaily. com. cn/china/2009-01/01/content_7358822. htm, accessed December 22, 2010. 10 â€Å"Sanlu to Recall Milk Powder as Baby Dies,† China Daily, September 12, 2008, www. chinadaily. com. Ccn/china/200809/12/content_7020499. htm, accessed December 22, 2010. 11 â€Å"The Chinese Milk Crisis: Lessons for CSR,† CSR Asia Weekly, 4. 41, October 8, 2008, www. csrasia. com/upload/cover/037971505303. pdf, accessed December 22, 2010. 12 On June 30, an inquiry from the public about the product was found on the official website of the AQSIQ. Page 4 9B12C047 Besides the lack of response, the Sanlu incident also provided evidence of the prevalence of institutionalized corruption in China, where companies engaged in unethical practices in pursuit of profits. In numerous articles, the incident was compared to the SARS crisis, when reports about SARS incidents in China were delayed. In both situations, the Chinese government placed restrictions on media coverage to protect its political image, which subsequently led to a worsening of the incident. 15 In the case of the tainted milk incident, the Propaganda Department put out a 21-point directive to the nation’s media during the Olympics period. The eighth point said: â€Å"All food safety issues, such as cancer-causing mineral water, are off-limits,† which prevented early exposure of the incident. Also, there was speculation regarding corruption and inefficiency in the local government. Although the municipal government in Shijiazhuang was informed of the melamine contamination by the Sanlu Group, it neither took immediate action to contain the situation nor informed the central government, which was informed of the crisis by foreign diplomats. According to the New Zealand government, Sanlu’s New Zealand partner, Fonterra, was aware of the contamination in August 2008 and immediately requested its Chinese partner as well as government officials to recall all milk powder produced by the Sanlu Group. However, as local officials did not cooperate, action was taken only a month after the alert. Left with few alternatives, Fonterra eventually reported the case to the New Zealand government. It was then that the New Zealand government bypassed local officials and reported directly to the Chinese central government and the case was brought to light. 17 The Role of the Media The extent of Chinese government control over the media becomes evident when examining the timeline of the publication of the media reports on the Sanlu incident. Sanlu Group informed the local authority on August 2, 2008, six days before the opening of the Beijing Olympics. It was only from September 10 onwards (when the games were officially over) that the news was released to the public. Given the heightened vigilance following 2007’s spate of food safety scares, it came as a surprise that the news related to the Sanlu incidents was contained for one month. Newspapers, television, radio and even the Internet were able to actively conceal and downplay the severity of the incident. This did not prevent social media from discussing the food scare, as individuals (e. Affected parents) blogged openly about their experiences with Sanlu milk powder and their dealings with the company. Such information, however, remained restricted as those websites did not appear in search results on the Internet. This was primarily due to the agreement between Sanlu and Baidu. com, which removed negative information and stories about Sanlu from China’s most powerful search engine. 13 In July, a urologist in a paediatric hospital specifically asked the AQSIQ to refer his observations to epidemiologists but was asked to refer his query to the Health Department. 14 The China News Service reported that for months many parents of sick infants had complained to their local inspection administrations and sent samples for testing. However, they were told that the powder met national safety standards. In July, a cable TV channel in Hunan Province reported that an unusually high number of kidney stone cases among infants were found in a children’s hospital. 15 Chua Chin Hon, â€Å"Milk Scandal — A Tale of Greed and Cover-up,† Straits Times, September 28, 2008, www. asiaone. com/News/the%2BStraits%2BTimes/Story/A1Story20080928-90424. html, accessed December 22, 2010. Frank Ching, â€Å"Tainted Food: China’s History of Using Melamine,† National Business Review, September 16, 2008, www. nbr. co. nz/comment/frank-ching/tainted-food-china-s-history-using-melamine, accessed December 22, 2010. 17 â€Å"Toxic Milk Toll Rockets in China,† BBC News, September 15, 2008, www. news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/7616346. stm, accessed December 22, 2010. Page 5 9B12C047 REMEDYING THE SITUATION Government Reaction and Recall Immediately after the incident was made public, China’s Health Ministry announced that it would launch a nationwide investigation into the infant kidney stone cases. Seventy-eight individuals suspected of being involved in the baby milk powder contamination were questioned by Chinese police. These individuals included dairy farmers and milk dealers. It was found that water had been added to dilute the milk, which was then sold to Sanlu for greater profit. Melamine was subsequently added to the diluted milk to maintain the product’s standard protein content. 18 With the commencement of the investigation, Sanlu also sealed off 2,176 tonnes of contaminated milk powder and recalled more than 8,300 tonnes from the market. Finally, on September 13, 2008, an order was decreed by the authorities to halt all production at Sanlu plants. 19 The Health Ministry also took action to keep the cases under control. It initiated warnings and informed the public to immediately refrain from consuming Sanlu milk powder formula. The public was advised to consult doctors if babies who had consumed the milk powder were found to have difficulty urinating. In addition, the ministry issued a treatment scheme on its official website to help local hospitals treat such sick babies. Besides controlling the situation in China, the government also actively managed international opinion. The Health Ministry promised to notify WHO and affected countries of any development in the case. New Policies and Regulations To prevent similar incidents from happening again, the Chinese government also implemented new policies and regulations. Measures were introduced to regulate the dairy market, including providing a sum of RMB316 million (US$50 million) to dairy farmers (RMB200 (US$31) per cow) to defray feeding and other operating costs. New food safety draft laws, which set stricter food quality standards and demanded greater government responsibility, were reviewed on October 23, 2008. Under the draft laws, health authorities were responsible for assessing and approving food additives, and food manufacturers were expected to adhere to regulations and guidelines by authorities or run the risk of having their production licenses revoked. 22 The draft stipulated that even non-harmful substances, as long as they were not approved food additives, were not allowed to be added in food. The law required health authorities to issue scientific, safe and reliable food safety standards, which were compulsory for all food producers. The revised law also stated that all enterprises, hospitals and quality supervision agencies were required to immediately report all food safety incidents to health authorities. 18 Daniel Barboza, â€Å"China’s Dairy Farmers Say They are Victims,† New York Times. October 3, 2008, www. nytimes. com/2008/10/04/world/asia/04milk. html? pagewanted=all, accessed December 22, 2010. 19 China Reports 432 Infants with Kidney Stones Due to Fake Milk,† Economic Times, September 13, 2008, http://articles. economictimes. indiatimes. com/2008-09-13/news/27704989_1_milk-powder-kidney-stones-sanlu-group, accessed December 23, 2010. 20 â€Å"Nationwide Investigation Launched on Sanlu Scare,† Xinhua News Agency, September 12, 2008, www. china. org. cn/government/central_government/2008-09/12/content_16440855. htm, accessed December 22, 2010 21 â€Å"China Takes Measures to Regulate Dairy Market, Aid Dairy Farmers,† Xinhua News Agency, September 24, 2008, www. china. org. China Reviews Food Safety Draft Law,† Xinhua News Agency, October 23, 2008, www. china. org. cn/business/200810/23/content_16656987. htm, accessed December 22, 2010. Page 6 9B12C047 Arrest and Apology In total, 22 companies were involved in the milk scandal, and several top executives were arrested. The board chairwoman and general manager of Sanlu Group, Tian Wenhua, was fired along with other local officials. Twenty-one people were arrested, with two men facing the death penalty and Tian sentenced to life imprisonment. Tian, 66, was convicted for not halting the milk production and sales even after she was informed that they were contaminated. She was fined about RMB25 million (US$3. 95 million) as well. 24 On December 19, 2008, Sanlu secured a loan of RMB902 million (US$142. 6 million) to pay the medical expenses of and compensation to children affected by the tainted milk powder it produced. Sanlu went bankrupt in December 2008 with a net debt of RMB1. 1 billion (US$174 million). Sanlu was fined RMB50 million (US$7. 9 million) despite its bankruptcy. 25 While Tian was on trial at the beginning of 2009, other Chinese dairy companies (e. g. , Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group, Mengniu Dairy and Bright Dairy Group) involved in the tainted milk incident surprised many by offering an apology in the form of a New Year text message sent to millions of mobile phone subscribers: â€Å"We are deeply sorry for the harm caused to the children and the society. . . . We sincerely apologize for that and we beg for your forgiveness. †26 Skeptics stated that â€Å"saying sorry was not good enough† as real change would require more than training and education of officials. 27 According to China scholar Russell Leigh Moses, â€Å"The problem is not so much political or structural as psychological. The top leadership is more and more out of step with the public and even though there is still room for them to maneuver on this, these events accumulate and the wiggle room gets narrower and narrower. † 28 The milk incident affected the public’s confidence in the safety of Chinese-made products, which was already tainted by a series of other scares involving food, drugs and toys in recent years. 29 This has further prompted authorities to put in place tighter rules governing milk production. Despite the string of food scares, as well as other contaminated non-food products (e. g. , lead contamination in Mattel’s children’s toy products), unethical practices continued to surface in Chinese companies. In December 2010, five wineries were suspected of manufacturing adulterated wines that only 23 Daniel Palmer, â€Å"Culprits in China’s Contaminated Milk Scandal Get Death Penalty,† Australian Food News, January 23, 2009, www. ausfoodnews. com. au/2009/01/23/culprits-in-chinas-contaminated-milk-scandal-get-death-penalty. html, accessed December 22, 2010. Two Get Death in Tainted Milk Case,† China Daily, January 23, 2009, www. chinadaily. com. cn/china/2009-01/23/content_7422983. htm, accessed February 1, 2012. 25 â€Å"Chinese Milk Scam Duo Face Death,† BBC News, January 22, 2009, http://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/7843972. stm, accessed February 1, 2012. 26 â€Å"China Dairies Offer Text Apology,† BBC News, January 2, 2009, http://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/7807637. stm, accessed December 22, 2010. 27 Simon Elegant, â€Å"China’s Milk-poisoned Scandal: Is Sorry Enough? ,† Time News, September 23, 2008, www. time. com/time/world/article/0,8599,1843536,00. html, accessed December 22, 2010. 28 Simon Elegant, â€Å"China’s Milk-poisoned Scandal: Is Sorry Enough? ,† Time News, September 23, 2008, www. time. com/time/world/article/0,8599,1843536,00. html, accessed December 22, 2010. 29 Debasish Roy Chowdhury, â€Å"Nothing is Scarier Than the China Scare,† Asia Times, August 4, 2007, www. atimes. com/atimes/China_Business/IH04Cb01. html, accessed February 1, 2012; Louise Story, â€Å"Lead Paint Prompts Mattel to Recall 967,000 Toys,† New York Times, August 2, 2007, www. nytimes. com/2007/08/02/business/02toy. Html, accessed February 1, 2012. Page 7 9B12C047 contained 20 per cent fermented grape juice, with the bulk of ingredients consisting of sugar water mixed with chemicals. They were also suspected of misrepresenting their products as famous brands, including the Great Wall Wine manufactured by the China National Cereals, Oils, and Foodstuffs Import and Export Corporation (COFCOA). 30 The government seized 5,114 boxes of wine that were falsely labeled, 19 templates for forging brand labels and 280 unlabeled bottles. While this move by the government was welcomed by the parties affected (i. The original brands such as COFCOA), the fact that such incidents continued to bring China into the spotlight revealed that the problem lay deeper — it was rooted in an organizational culture that fostered institutionalized corrupt behaviour. A news article in June 2011 reported that â€Å"insiders warned that little has changed since the Chinese Milk Scandal of 2008† since China’s standards for fresh milk remained among the lowest in the world: it allowed two million bacteria per milliliter of raw milk, while the maximum in the United States and Europe was 100,000 bacteria. In February 2011, yet another milk contamination incident was discovered. Instead of melamine, leather-hydrolyzed protein was used to boost the protein content of milk. Although China announced that it was closing about half of its dairies to resolve this issue, other food safety scandals have been reported. These include toxic bean sprouts, pesticide-drenched beans, aluminum dumplings and glow-in-the-dark pork. 32 More recently, in April 2012, China was plagued with a pharmaceutical capsule crisis, when it was found that medicines were packed into capsules that were tainted with chromium. As the world becomes more globalized and countries engage in international trade relations, agencies, government institutions and private corporations need to understand the culture, economic environment and intricacies surrounding economic transactions that prevail in emerging economies such as China. While acknowledging that a culture that allows corruption to exist helps us to understand the countries better, it is also important to analyze why such a culture prevails. What factors motivate individuals and businesses to resort to questionable means for economic gain? Why do governments allow unethical behaviours through their cover-up attempts? How did the parties involved justify their decisions? Were their attempts to rationalize their actions justifiable? How does a more global and wired world affect businesses’ decisions to engage in questionable actions? What role does social media play in curbing corruption? These questions are worthy of discussion as international businesses increasingly expand into emerging economies. 30 Liu Linlin, â€Å"Fake Wine Stuns Nation,† Global Times, December 27, 2010, www. globaltimes. cn/china/society/201012/604367. html, accessed February 1, 2012.   Gus Lubin, â€Å"Insiders Warn of Another Chinese Milk Scandal Waiting to Happen,† Business Insider, June 21, 2011, www. articles. businessinsider. com/2011-06-21/news/29973916_1_raw-milk-watered-down-milk-global-times, accessed February 1, 2012. 32 Peter Foster, â€Å"Top 10 Chinese Food Scandals,† Telegraph, April 27, 2011, www. telegraph. co. uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/8476080/Top-10-Chinese-Food-Scandals. html, accessed February 1, 2012. 33 â€Å"Capsule Crisis Stirs Stock Market,† China Daily, May 14, 2012, www. china. org. cn/business/201205/14/content_25379520. htm, accessed Up to this point, a local hospital had identified an increase in the incidence of kidney ailments among babies and noted that most victims had consumed Sanlu’s baby formula. A rare occurrence of kidney stones in children — all causally traced to Sanlu milk formula — was flagged. Sanlu received results from tests indicating that 15 out of 16 samples contained melamine. Fonterra pushed hard for a full public recall. Although there was an immediate trade recall, Fonterra said that local administrators refused an official recall. Fonterra notified the New Zealand government, and New Zealand Prime Minister Helen Clark alerted Beijing officials. Between July and September in Gansu province, 14 babies fell ill after consuming Sanlu’s milk powder. World Health Organization was notified. Sanlu Group admitted that its milk powder was contaminated with the toxic chemical melamine. The board chairwoman and general manager of Sanlu Group, Tian Wenhua, was fired. Four local officials in North China Hebei Province were also fired. Milk powder from 22 of China’s 109 infant formula producers tested positive for melamine; Sanlu topped the rankings. The country’s most trusted brands, including Olympic sponsor Yili Industrial and Meng Niu Group, were found to have produced tainted formula. Tainted dairy products were removed from retail outlets across China. Countries across Asia started either to test Chinese dairy products or withdraw them from retail shelves. Countries affected included Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Taiwan and the Netherlands. Companies affected included Cadbury, Lipton, Heinz baby food and Koala’s March Cookies. The Chinese government announced that it was going to overhaul the dairy industry. New food safety draft laws were reviewed. The United States issued a nationwide â€Å"import alert† for Chinese-made food products. China’s Ministry of Health revised the number of victims to more than 290,000, of whom 51,900 were hospitalized; four deaths (out of 11 deaths reported in the provinces) were confirmed. Sanlu filed for bankruptcy. The trial of four Sanlu company executives began. China said a total of 296,000 children had fallen ill from consuming milk products tainted with melamine. Sentences were handed out to Sanlu executives following their trial. They ranged from two death sentences to long jail terms. Sanlu’s 95 per cent equity was sold to its competitor Sanyuan for RMB49 million (US$7. 75 million). ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS 1. How do you view Sanlu Group’s response to consumers’ complaints that the milk was affecting infants’ health? Would you respond differently if the tainted milk did not cause any injury or deaths? Would you respond differently if the affected victims were adults instead of young children? 2. In your opinion, who is responsible for producing the tainted milk? Explain your answer. a. senior management in Sanlu Group b. plant managers and workers c. dairy milk farmers d. government 3. What role did the institutional environment in China play in facilitating employees’ and corporate wrongdoings? Refer to Ashforth and Anand’s â€Å"The Normalization of Corruption in Organizations† to structure your answer. 4. Comment on the role of leadership and network of the heads of the organizations in their management of the incidents in Sanlu. 5. Analyze the steps taken by the Chinese government to manage the problem. What are your opinions on the image-saving tactics that were adopted post-crisis? Does the unique, personalized nature of the text message apology in the milk scandal make the actions more forgiveable? What are some useful strategies to prevent corruption? 6. What can the new executives of the dairy companies and the Chinese government do to regain local and global consumers’ and other parties’ trust and support? How do these reports affect